Moreover, the findings of the precise phytochemical profiles can be useful to estimate the biological activities and therapeutic indices ( 8, 9). Phytochemical, physicochemical, and biological evaluations of medicinal plants are the critical stage for validation of the quality of medicinal plants. According to the previous study of the author, the isolated compounds from four Colchicum species had a hemolytic activity lower than 5%, LC 50 and LC 90 higher than 4 µg/mL, cytotoxic IC 50 higher than 13 µg/mL, and LD 50 higher than 6 mg/kg ( 7). In addition, the relative toxicity of compounds isolated from some Colchicum species is well established in cell lines and animal models. Furthermore, other species of Colchicum as well as Colchicum autumnale, which are, contained similar bioactive compounds, can be effective in osteoarthritis and inflammatory conditions ( 5, 6). is an important plant, which is used for the treatment of gout and osteoarthritis in traditional medicine. The bioactive compounds of the Colchicum species, especially tropolone alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, have anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities. Moreover, the corms of some species have nutritive value due to high starch and low alkaloid contents ( 3).įurthermore, these species also contain other compounds like isoquinoline alkaloids with anticholinesterase inhibitory activities, coumaric acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, apigenin, luteolin, and 4,6-dimethoxy-3,7- ( 4). These compounds, with potential valuable biological activities, have high potential toxicity and a narrow therapeutic index. Moreover, colchicine, demecolcine, and colchicoside are the main tropolone alkaloids of the Colchicum, which contain antitubullin activities and tubulin polymerization inhibitory effects. Tropolone alkaloids, as the main important bioactive compounds isolated from Colchicum species, are used for the treatment of diseases like gout and cancers. The Colchicum species and other plants of the Colchicaceae family have important bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, especially tropolone alkaloids and isoquinoline alkaloids, phenolic compounds, tannins, flavonoids, and carbohydrates, which their amount depends on the growing cycles and seasons ( 1, 2). Pharmaceutical characteristics of Colchicum are mainly derived from its corns and seeds. The Colchicum species, also known as “Sorenjân”, are important medicinal plants, which have been used for many diseases like osteoarthritis, gout, cancer, inflammations, jaundice, and sexual impotence in different societies. In addition, the morphological characterizations of this genus are the bulb-like corms and underground ovaries ( 1, 2). The genus Colchicum from the Colchicaceae family is a perennial monocotyledon flowering plant with more than 160 species, which are mostly grown in full sunny plains of western regions of Asia, Europe, and east and South of Africa. Total Alkaloid Phytochemicals Colchicine Chromatography Flavonoid 1. Moreover, the valuable biological effects of these plants stimulate the cultivations on a large scale. Specific epithet refers to autumn when this plant flowers.This study demonstrated that the corm of the Colchicum species contained similar main compounds with different amounts, as well as appropriate physicochemical properties. Genus name come from the abundance of the plant in Colchis, the Black Sea region of Georgia, Caucasus. Among the differences, the flowers of autumn crocus have six stamens and the flowers of spring crocus have three stamens. The common name of autumn crocus is somewhat misleading because autumn crocus (Colchicaceae family but formerly included in Liliaceae family) is not closely related to spring crocus (Iridaceae family). Medicinal colchicum and colchicine come from the corms and seeds. Fall flowers have no foliage, hence the sometimes used additional common name of naked ladies for this plant. Naked flower stems (1-6 stems per sheath) rise from the ground to 6-10” tall in late summer to early fall, each stem bearing a star-shaped, lavender-pink to lilac-pink flower. Foliage gradually yellows and dies by early summer when the plants go dormant. Plants send up only foliage (5-8 lanceolate dark green leaves to 10" long) in spring. Colchicum autumnale, commonly called autumn crocus or meadow saffron, is a cormous perennial that typically blooms in early fall.
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